java.lang

## Class Long

- java.lang.Object
- - java.lang.Number
  - - java.lang.Long

- All Implemented Interfaces:
    Serializable, Comparable<Long>

      public final class Long
      extends Number
      implements Comparable<Long>

  The `Long` class wraps a value of the primitive type `long` in an object. An object of type `Long` contains a single field whose type is `long`.

  In addition, this class provides several methods for converting a `long` to a `String` and a `String` to a `long`, as well as other constants and methods useful when dealing with a `long`.

  Implementation note: The implementations of the "bit twiddling" methods (such as `highestOneBit` and `numberOfTrailingZeros`) are based on material from Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s Hacker's Delight, (Addison Wesley, 2002).

  Since:
    JDK1.0
  Author:
    Lee Boynton, Arthur van Hoff, Josh Bloch, Joseph D. Darcy
  See Also:
    Serialized Form

- - ### Field Summary

    Fields
    Modifier and Type | Field and Description
    --- | ---
    `static long` | `MAX_VALUE` A constant holding the maximum value a `long` can have, 263-1.
    `static long` | `MIN_VALUE` A constant holding the minimum value a `long` can have, -263.
    `static int` | `SIZE` The number of bits used to represent a `long` value in two's complement binary form.
    `static Class<Long>` | `TYPE` The `Class` instance representing the primitive type `long`.

  - ### Constructor Summary

    Constructors
    Constructor and Description
    `Long(long value)` Constructs a newly allocated `Long` object that represents the specified `long` argument.
    `Long(String s)` Constructs a newly allocated `Long` object that represents the `long` value indicated by the `String` parameter.

  - ### Method Summary

    All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods
    Modifier and Type | Method and Description
    --- | ---
    `static int` | `bitCount(long i)` Returns the number of one-bits in the two's complement binary representation of the specified `long` value.
    `byte` | `byteValue()` Returns the value of this `Long` as a `byte`.
    `static int` | `compare(long x, long y)` Compares two `long` values numerically.
    `int` | `compareTo(Long anotherLong)` Compares two `Long` objects numerically.
    `static int` | `compareUnsigned(long x, long y)` Compares two `long` values numerically treating the values as unsigned.
    `static Long` | `decode(String nm)` Decodes a `String` into a `Long`.
    `static long` | `divideUnsigned(long dividend, long divisor)` Returns the unsigned quotient of dividing the first argument by the second where each argument and the result is interpreted as an unsigned value.
    `double` | `doubleValue()` Returns the value of this `Long` as a `double`.
    `boolean` | `equals(Object obj)` Compares this object to the specified object.
    `float` | `floatValue()` Returns the value of this `Long` as a `float`.
    `static Long` | `getLong(String nm)` Determines the `long` value of the system property with the specified name.
    `static Long` | `getLong(String nm, long val)` Determines the `long` value of the system property with the specified name.
    `static Long` | `getLong(String nm, Long val)` Returns the `long` value of the system property with the specified name.
    `int` | `hashCode()` Returns a hash code for this `Long`.
    `static int` | `hashCode(long value)` Returns a hash code for a `long` value; compatible with `Long.hashCode()`.
    `static long` | `highestOneBit(long i)` Returns a `long` value with at most a single one-bit, in the position of the highest-order ("leftmost") one-bit in the specified `long` value.
    `int` | `intValue()` Returns the value of this `Long` as an `int`.
    `long` | `longValue()` Returns the value of this `Long` as a `long` value.
    `static long` | `lowestOneBit(long i)` Returns a `long` value with at most a single one-bit, in the position of the lowest-order ("rightmost") one-bit in the specified `long` value.
    `static long` | `max(long a, long b)` Returns the greater of two `long` values as if by calling `Math.max`.
    `static long` | `min(long a, long b)` Returns the smaller of two `long` values as if by calling `Math.min`.
    `static int` | `numberOfLeadingZeros(long i)` Returns the number of zero bits preceding the highest-order ("leftmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specified `long` value.
    `static int` | `numberOfTrailingZeros(long i)` Returns the number of zero bits following the lowest-order ("rightmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specified `long` value.
    `static long` | `parseLong(String s)` Parses the string argument as a signed decimal `long`.
    `static long` | `parseLong(String s, int radix)` Parses the string argument as a signed `long` in the radix specified by the second argument.
    `static long` | `remainderUnsigned(long dividend, long divisor)` Returns the unsigned remainder from dividing the first argument by the second where each argument and the result is interpreted as an unsigned value.
    `static long` | `reverse(long i)` Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bits in the two's complement binary representation of the specified `long` value.
    `static long` | `reverseBytes(long i)` Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bytes in the two's complement representation of the specified `long` value.
    `static long` | `rotateLeft(long i, int distance)` Returns the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary representation of the specified `long` value left by the specified number of bits.
    `static long` | `rotateRight(long i, int distance)` Returns the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary representation of the specified `long` value right by the specified number of bits.
    `short` | `shortValue()` Returns the value of this `Long` as a `short`.
    `static int` | `signum(long i)` Returns the signum function of the specified `long` value.
    `static long` | `sum(long a, long b)` Adds two `long` values together as per the + operator.
    `static String` | `toBinaryString(long i)` Returns a string representation of the `long` argument as an unsigned integer in base 2.
    `static String` | `toHexString(long i)` Returns a string representation of the `long` argument as an unsigned integer in base 16.
    `static String` | `toOctalString(long i)` Returns a string representation of the `long` argument as an unsigned integer in base 8.
    `String` | `toString()` Returns a `String` object representing this `Long`'s value.
    `static String` | `toString(long i)` Returns a `String` object representing the specified `long`.
    `static String` | `toString(long i, int radix)` Returns a string representation of the first argument in the radix specified by the second argument.
    `static Long` | `valueOf(long l)` Returns a `Long` instance representing the specified `long` value.
    `static Long` | `valueOf(String s)` Returns a `Long` object holding the value of the specified `String`.
    `static Long` | `valueOf(String s, int radix)` Returns a `Long` object holding the value extracted from the specified `String` when parsed with the radix given by the second argument.

    - ### Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

      `clone, finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

- - ### Field Detail

    - #### MIN_VALUE

          public static final long MIN_VALUE

      A constant holding the minimum value a `long` can have, -263.
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### MAX_VALUE

          public static final long MAX_VALUE

      A constant holding the maximum value a `long` can have, 263-1.
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

    - #### TYPE

          public static final Class<Long> TYPE

      The `Class` instance representing the primitive type `long`.
      Since:
        JDK1.1

    - #### SIZE

          public static final int SIZE

      The number of bits used to represent a `long` value in two's complement binary form.
      Since:
        1.5
      See Also:
        Constant Field Values

  - ### Constructor Detail

    - #### Long

          public Long(long value)

      Constructs a newly allocated `Long` object that represents the specified `long` argument.
      Parameters:
        `value` - the value to be represented by the `Long` object.

    - #### Long

          public Long(String s)
               throws NumberFormatException

      Constructs a newly allocated `Long` object that represents the `long` value indicated by the `String` parameter. The string is converted to a `long` value in exactly the manner used by the `parseLong` method for radix 10.
      Parameters:
        `s` - the `String` to be converted to a `Long`.
      Throws:
        `NumberFormatException` - if the `String` does not contain a parsable `long`.
      See Also:
        `parseLong(java.lang.String, int)`

  - ### Method Detail

    - #### toString

          public static String toString(long i,
                                        int radix)

      Returns a string representation of the first argument in the radix specified by the second argument.

      If the radix is smaller than `Character.MIN_RADIX` or larger than `Character.MAX_RADIX`, then the radix `10` is used instead.

      If the first argument is negative, the first element of the result is the ASCII minus sign `'-'` (`'\u002d'`). If the first argument is not negative, no sign character appears in the result.

      The remaining characters of the result represent the magnitude of the first argument. If the magnitude is zero, it is represented by a single zero character `'0'` (`'\u0030'`); otherwise, the first character of the representation of the magnitude will not be the zero character. The following ASCII characters are used as digits:

      > `0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz`

      These are `'\u0030'` through `'\u0039'` and `'\u0061'` through `'\u007a'`. If `radix` is N, then the first N of these characters are used as radix-N digits in the order shown. Thus, the digits for hexadecimal (radix 16) are `0123456789abcdef`. If uppercase letters are desired, the `String.toUpperCase()` method may be called on the result:

      > `Long.toString(n, 16).toUpperCase()`

      Parameters:
        `i` - a `long` to be converted to a string.
        `radix` - the radix to use in the string representation.
      Returns:
        a string representation of the argument in the specified radix.
      See Also:
        `Character.MAX_RADIX`, `Character.MIN_RADIX`

    - #### toHexString

          public static String toHexString(long i)

      Returns a string representation of the `long` argument as an unsigned integer in base 16.

      The unsigned `long` value is the argument plus 264 if the argument is negative; otherwise, it is equal to the argument. This value is converted to a string of ASCII digits in hexadecimal (base 16) with no extra leading `0`s. If the unsigned magnitude is zero, it is represented by a single zero character `'0'` (`'\u0030'`); otherwise, the first character of the representation of the unsigned magnitude will not be the zero character. The following characters are used as hexadecimal digits:

      > `0123456789abcdef`

      These are the characters `'\u0030'` through `'\u0039'` and `'\u0061'` through `'\u0066'`. If uppercase letters are desired, the `String.toUpperCase()` method may be called on the result:

      > `Long.toHexString(n).toUpperCase()`

      Parameters:
        `i` - a `long` to be converted to a string.
      Returns:
        the string representation of the unsigned `long` value represented by the argument in hexadecimal (base 16).
      Since:
        JDK 1.0.2

    - #### toOctalString

          public static String toOctalString(long i)

      Returns a string representation of the `long` argument as an unsigned integer in base 8.

      The unsigned `long` value is the argument plus 264 if the argument is negative; otherwise, it is equal to the argument. This value is converted to a string of ASCII digits in octal (base 8) with no extra leading `0`s.

      If the unsigned magnitude is zero, it is represented by a single zero character `'0'` (`'\u0030'`); otherwise, the first character of the representation of the unsigned magnitude will not be the zero character. The following characters are used as octal digits:

      > `01234567`

      These are the characters `'\u0030'` through `'\u0037'`.
      Parameters:
        `i` - a `long` to be converted to a string.
      Returns:
        the string representation of the unsigned `long` value represented by the argument in octal (base 8).
      Since:
        JDK 1.0.2

    - #### toBinaryString

          public static String toBinaryString(long i)

      Returns a string representation of the `long` argument as an unsigned integer in base 2.

      The unsigned `long` value is the argument plus 264 if the argument is negative; otherwise, it is equal to the argument. This value is converted to a string of ASCII digits in binary (base 2) with no extra leading `0`s. If the unsigned magnitude is zero, it is represented by a single zero character `'0'` (`'\u0030'`); otherwise, the first character of the representation of the unsigned magnitude will not be the zero character. The characters `'0'` (`'\u0030'`) and `'1'` (`'\u0031'`) are used as binary digits.

      Parameters:
        `i` - a `long` to be converted to a string.
      Returns:
        the string representation of the unsigned `long` value represented by the argument in binary (base 2).
      Since:
        JDK 1.0.2

    - #### toString

          public static String toString(long i)

      Returns a `String` object representing the specified `long`. The argument is converted to signed decimal representation and returned as a string, exactly as if the argument and the radix 10 were given as arguments to the `toString(long, int)` method.
      Parameters:
        `i` - a `long` to be converted.
      Returns:
        a string representation of the argument in base 10.

    - #### parseLong

          public static long parseLong(String s,
                                       int radix)
                                throws NumberFormatException

      Parses the string argument as a signed `long` in the radix specified by the second argument. The characters in the string must all be digits of the specified radix (as determined by whether `Character.digit(char, int)` returns a nonnegative value), except that the first character may be an ASCII minus sign `'-'` (`'\u002D'`) to indicate a negative value or an ASCII plus sign `'+'` (`'\u002B'`) to indicate a positive value. The resulting `long` value is returned.

      Note that neither the character `L` (`'\u004C'`) nor `l` (`'\u006C'`) is permitted to appear at the end of the string as a type indicator, as would be permitted in Java programming language source code - except that either `L` or `l` may appear as a digit for a radix greater than 22.

      An exception of type `NumberFormatException` is thrown if any of the following situations occurs:

      - The first argument is `null` or is a string of length zero.
      - The `radix` is either smaller than `Character.MIN_RADIX` or larger than `Character.MAX_RADIX`.
      - Any character of the string is not a digit of the specified radix, except that the first character may be a minus sign `'-'` (`'\u002d'`) or plus sign `'+'` (`'\u002B'`) provided that the string is longer than length 1.
      - The value represented by the string is not a value of type `long`.

      Examples:

      >      parseLong("0", 10) returns 0L
      >      parseLong("473", 10) returns 473L
      >      parseLong("+42", 10) returns 42L
      >      parseLong("-0", 10) returns 0L
      >      parseLong("-FF", 16) returns -255L
      >      parseLong("1100110", 2) returns 102L
      >      parseLong("99", 8) throws a NumberFormatException
      >      parseLong("Hazelnut", 10) throws a NumberFormatException
      >      parseLong("Hazelnut", 36) returns 1356099454469L

      Parameters:
        `s` - the `String` containing the `long` representation to be parsed.
        `radix` - the radix to be used while parsing `s`.
      Returns:
        the `long` represented by the string argument in the specified radix.
      Throws:
        `NumberFormatException` - if the string does not contain a parsable `long`.

    - #### parseLong

          public static long parseLong(String s)
                                throws NumberFormatException

      Parses the string argument as a signed decimal `long`. The characters in the string must all be decimal digits, except that the first character may be an ASCII minus sign `'-'` (`\u002D'`) to indicate a negative value or an ASCII plus sign `'+'` (`'\u002B'`) to indicate a positive value. The resulting `long` value is returned, exactly as if the argument and the radix `10` were given as arguments to the `parseLong(java.lang.String, int)` method.

      Note that neither the character `L` (`'\u004C'`) nor `l` (`'\u006C'`) is permitted to appear at the end of the string as a type indicator, as would be permitted in Java programming language source code.

      Parameters:
        `s` - a `String` containing the `long` representation to be parsed
      Returns:
        the `long` represented by the argument in decimal.
      Throws:
        `NumberFormatException` - if the string does not contain a parsable `long`.

    - #### valueOf

          public static Long valueOf(String s,
                                     int radix)
                              throws NumberFormatException

      Returns a `Long` object holding the value extracted from the specified `String` when parsed with the radix given by the second argument. The first argument is interpreted as representing a signed `long` in the radix specified by the second argument, exactly as if the arguments were given to the `parseLong(java.lang.String, int)` method. The result is a `Long` object that represents the `long` value specified by the string.

      In other words, this method returns a `Long` object equal to the value of:

      > `new Long(Long.parseLong(s, radix))`

      Parameters:
        `s` - the string to be parsed
        `radix` - the radix to be used in interpreting `s`
      Returns:
        a `Long` object holding the value represented by the string argument in the specified radix.
      Throws:
        `NumberFormatException` - If the `String` does not contain a parsable `long`.

    - #### valueOf

          public static Long valueOf(String s)
                              throws NumberFormatException

      Returns a `Long` object holding the value of the specified `String`. The argument is interpreted as representing a signed decimal `long`, exactly as if the argument were given to the `parseLong(java.lang.String)` method. The result is a `Long` object that represents the integer value specified by the string.

      In other words, this method returns a `Long` object equal to the value of:

      > `new Long(Long.parseLong(s))`

      Parameters:
        `s` - the string to be parsed.
      Returns:
        a `Long` object holding the value represented by the string argument.
      Throws:
        `NumberFormatException` - If the string cannot be parsed as a `long`.

    - #### valueOf

          public static Long valueOf(long l)

      Returns a `Long` instance representing the specified `long` value. If a new `Long` instance is not required, this method should generally be used in preference to the constructor `Long(long)`, as this method is likely to yield significantly better space and time performance by caching frequently requested values. Note that unlike the corresponding method in the `Integer` class, this method is not required to cache values within a particular range.
      Parameters:
        `l` - a long value.
      Returns:
        a `Long` instance representing `l`.
      Since:
        1.5

    - #### decode

          public static Long decode(String nm)
                             throws NumberFormatException

      Decodes a `String` into a `Long`. Accepts decimal, hexadecimal, and octal numbers given by the following grammar:

      > DecodableString:
      >   Signopt DecimalNumeral
      >   Signopt `0x` HexDigits
      >   Signopt `0X` HexDigits
      >   Signopt `#` HexDigits
      >   Signopt `0` OctalDigits

      > Sign:
      >   `-`
      >   `+`

      DecimalNumeral, HexDigits, and OctalDigits are as defined in section 3.10.1 of The Java™ Language Specification, except that underscores are not accepted between digits.

      The sequence of characters following an optional sign and/or radix specifier ("`0x`", "`0X`", "`#`", or leading zero) is parsed as by the `Long.parseLong` method with the indicated radix (10, 16, or 8). This sequence of characters must represent a positive value or a `NumberFormatException` will be thrown. The result is negated if first character of the specified `String` is the minus sign. No whitespace characters are permitted in the `String`.

      Parameters:
        `nm` - the `String` to decode.
      Returns:
        a `Long` object holding the `long` value represented by `nm`
      Throws:
        `NumberFormatException` - if the `String` does not contain a parsable `long`.
      Since:
        1.2
      See Also:
        `parseLong(String, int)`

    - #### byteValue

          public byte byteValue()

      Returns the value of this `Long` as a `byte`.
      Overrides:
        `byteValue` in class `Number`
      Returns:
        the numeric value represented by this object after conversion to type `byte`.

    - #### shortValue

          public short shortValue()

      Returns the value of this `Long` as a `short`.
      Overrides:
        `shortValue` in class `Number`
      Returns:
        the numeric value represented by this object after conversion to type `short`.

    - #### intValue

          public int intValue()

      Returns the value of this `Long` as an `int`.
      Specified by:
        `intValue` in class `Number`
      Returns:
        the numeric value represented by this object after conversion to type `int`.

    - #### longValue

          public long longValue()

      Returns the value of this `Long` as a `long` value.
      Specified by:
        `longValue` in class `Number`
      Returns:
        the numeric value represented by this object after conversion to type `long`.

    - #### floatValue

          public float floatValue()

      Returns the value of this `Long` as a `float`.
      Specified by:
        `floatValue` in class `Number`
      Returns:
        the numeric value represented by this object after conversion to type `float`.

    - #### doubleValue

          public double doubleValue()

      Returns the value of this `Long` as a `double`.
      Specified by:
        `doubleValue` in class `Number`
      Returns:
        the numeric value represented by this object after conversion to type `double`.

    - #### toString

          public String toString()

      Returns a `String` object representing this `Long`'s value. The value is converted to signed decimal representation and returned as a string, exactly as if the `long` value were given as an argument to the `toString(long)` method.
      Overrides:
        `toString` in class `Object`
      Returns:
        a string representation of the value of this object in base 10.

    - #### hashCode

          public int hashCode()

      Returns a hash code for this `Long`. The result is the exclusive OR of the two halves of the primitive `long` value held by this `Long` object. That is, the hashcode is the value of the expression:

      > `(int)(this.longValue()^(this.longValue()>>>32))`

      Overrides:
        `hashCode` in class `Object`
      Returns:
        a hash code value for this object.
      See Also:
        `Object.equals(java.lang.Object)`, `System.identityHashCode(java.lang.Object)`

    - #### hashCode

          public static int hashCode(long value)

      Returns a hash code for a `long` value; compatible with `Long.hashCode()`.
      Parameters:
        `value` - the value to hash
      Returns:
        a hash code value for a `long` value.
      Since:
        1.8

    - #### equals

          public boolean equals(Object obj)

      Compares this object to the specified object. The result is `true` if and only if the argument is not `null` and is a `Long` object that contains the same `long` value as this object.
      Overrides:
        `equals` in class `Object`
      Parameters:
        `obj` - the object to compare with.
      Returns:
        `true` if the objects are the same; `false` otherwise.
      See Also:
        `Object.hashCode()`, `HashMap`

    - #### getLong

          public static Long getLong(String nm)

      Determines the `long` value of the system property with the specified name.

      The first argument is treated as the name of a system property. System properties are accessible through the `System.getProperty(java.lang.String)` method. The string value of this property is then interpreted as a `long` value and a `Long` object representing this value is returned. Details of possible numeric formats can be found with the definition of `getProperty`.

      If there is no property with the specified name, if the specified name is empty or `null`, or if the property does not have the correct numeric format, then `null` is returned.

      In other words, this method returns a `Long` object equal to the value of:

      > `getLong(nm, null)`

      Parameters:
        `nm` - property name.
      Returns:
        the `Long` value of the property.
      See Also:
        `System.getProperty(java.lang.String)`, `System.getProperty(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)`

    - #### getLong

          public static Long getLong(String nm,
                                     long val)

      Determines the `long` value of the system property with the specified name.

      The first argument is treated as the name of a system property. System properties are accessible through the `System.getProperty(java.lang.String)` method. The string value of this property is then interpreted as a `long` value and a `Long` object representing this value is returned. Details of possible numeric formats can be found with the definition of `getProperty`.

      The second argument is the default value. A `Long` object that represents the value of the second argument is returned if there is no property of the specified name, if the property does not have the correct numeric format, or if the specified name is empty or null.

      In other words, this method returns a `Long` object equal to the value of:

      > `getLong(nm, new Long(val))`

      but in practice it may be implemented in a manner such as:

      >      Long result = getLong(nm, null);
      >      return (result == null) ? new Long(val) : result;

      to avoid the unnecessary allocation of a `Long` object when the default value is not needed.
      Parameters:
        `nm` - property name.
        `val` - default value.
      Returns:
        the `Long` value of the property.
      See Also:
        `System.getProperty(java.lang.String)`, `System.getProperty(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)`

    - #### getLong

          public static Long getLong(String nm,
                                     Long val)

      Returns the `long` value of the system property with the specified name. The first argument is treated as the name of a system property. System properties are accessible through the `System.getProperty(java.lang.String)` method. The string value of this property is then interpreted as a `long` value, as per the `Long.decode` method, and a `Long` object representing this value is returned.
      - If the property value begins with the two ASCII characters `0x` or the ASCII character `#`, not followed by a minus sign, then the rest of it is parsed as a hexadecimal integer exactly as for the method `valueOf(java.lang.String, int)` with radix 16.
      - If the property value begins with the ASCII character `0` followed by another character, it is parsed as an octal integer exactly as by the method `valueOf(java.lang.String, int)` with radix 8.
      - Otherwise the property value is parsed as a decimal integer exactly as by the method `valueOf(java.lang.String, int)` with radix 10.

      Note that, in every case, neither `L` (`'\u004C'`) nor `l` (`'\u006C'`) is permitted to appear at the end of the property value as a type indicator, as would be permitted in Java programming language source code.

      The second argument is the default value. The default value is returned if there is no property of the specified name, if the property does not have the correct numeric format, or if the specified name is empty or `null`.

      Parameters:
        `nm` - property name.
        `val` - default value.
      Returns:
        the `Long` value of the property.
      See Also:
        `System.getProperty(java.lang.String)`, `System.getProperty(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)`, `decode(java.lang.String)`

    - #### compareTo

          public int compareTo(Long anotherLong)

      Compares two `Long` objects numerically.
      Specified by:
        `compareTo` in interface `Comparable<Long>`
      Parameters:
        `anotherLong` - the `Long` to be compared.
      Returns:
        the value `0` if this `Long` is equal to the argument `Long`; a value less than `0` if this `Long` is numerically less than the argument `Long`; and a value greater than `0` if this `Long` is numerically greater than the argument `Long` (signed comparison).
      Since:
        1.2

    - #### compare

          public static int compare(long x,
                                    long y)

      Compares two `long` values numerically. The value returned is identical to what would be returned by:

              Long.valueOf(x).compareTo(Long.valueOf(y))

      Parameters:
        `x` - the first `long` to compare
        `y` - the second `long` to compare
      Returns:
        the value `0` if `x == y`; a value less than `0` if `x < y`; and a value greater than `0` if `x > y`
      Since:
        1.7

    - #### highestOneBit

          public static long highestOneBit(long i)

      Returns a `long` value with at most a single one-bit, in the position of the highest-order ("leftmost") one-bit in the specified `long` value. Returns zero if the specified value has no one-bits in its two's complement binary representation, that is, if it is equal to zero.
      Returns:
        a `long` value with a single one-bit, in the position of the highest-order one-bit in the specified value, or zero if the specified value is itself equal to zero.
      Since:
        1.5

    - #### lowestOneBit

          public static long lowestOneBit(long i)

      Returns a `long` value with at most a single one-bit, in the position of the lowest-order ("rightmost") one-bit in the specified `long` value. Returns zero if the specified value has no one-bits in its two's complement binary representation, that is, if it is equal to zero.
      Returns:
        a `long` value with a single one-bit, in the position of the lowest-order one-bit in the specified value, or zero if the specified value is itself equal to zero.
      Since:
        1.5

    - #### numberOfLeadingZeros

          public static int numberOfLeadingZeros(long i)

      Returns the number of zero bits preceding the highest-order ("leftmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specified `long` value. Returns 64 if the specified value has no one-bits in its two's complement representation, in other words if it is equal to zero.

      Note that this method is closely related to the logarithm base 2. For all positive `long` values x:

      - floor(log2(x)) = `63 - numberOfLeadingZeros(x)`
      - ceil(log2(x)) = `64 - numberOfLeadingZeros(x - 1)`
      Returns:
        the number of zero bits preceding the highest-order ("leftmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specified `long` value, or 64 if the value is equal to zero.
      Since:
        1.5

    - #### numberOfTrailingZeros

          public static int numberOfTrailingZeros(long i)

      Returns the number of zero bits following the lowest-order ("rightmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specified `long` value. Returns 64 if the specified value has no one-bits in its two's complement representation, in other words if it is equal to zero.
      Returns:
        the number of zero bits following the lowest-order ("rightmost") one-bit in the two's complement binary representation of the specified `long` value, or 64 if the value is equal to zero.
      Since:
        1.5

    - #### bitCount

          public static int bitCount(long i)

      Returns the number of one-bits in the two's complement binary representation of the specified `long` value. This function is sometimes referred to as the population count.
      Returns:
        the number of one-bits in the two's complement binary representation of the specified `long` value.
      Since:
        1.5

    - #### rotateLeft

          public static long rotateLeft(long i,
                                        int distance)

      Returns the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary representation of the specified `long` value left by the specified number of bits. (Bits shifted out of the left hand, or high-order, side reenter on the right, or low-order.)

      Note that left rotation with a negative distance is equivalent to right rotation: `rotateLeft(val, -distance) == rotateRight(val, distance)`. Note also that rotation by any multiple of 64 is a no-op, so all but the last six bits of the rotation distance can be ignored, even if the distance is negative: `rotateLeft(val, distance) == rotateLeft(val, distance & 0x3F)`.

      Returns:
        the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary representation of the specified `long` value left by the specified number of bits.
      Since:
        1.5

    - #### rotateRight

          public static long rotateRight(long i,
                                         int distance)

      Returns the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary representation of the specified `long` value right by the specified number of bits. (Bits shifted out of the right hand, or low-order, side reenter on the left, or high-order.)

      Note that right rotation with a negative distance is equivalent to left rotation: `rotateRight(val, -distance) == rotateLeft(val, distance)`. Note also that rotation by any multiple of 64 is a no-op, so all but the last six bits of the rotation distance can be ignored, even if the distance is negative: `rotateRight(val, distance) == rotateRight(val, distance & 0x3F)`.

      Returns:
        the value obtained by rotating the two's complement binary representation of the specified `long` value right by the specified number of bits.
      Since:
        1.5

    - #### reverse

          public static long reverse(long i)

      Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bits in the two's complement binary representation of the specified `long` value.
      Returns:
        the value obtained by reversing order of the bits in the specified `long` value.
      Since:
        1.5

    - #### signum

          public static int signum(long i)

      Returns the signum function of the specified `long` value. (The return value is -1 if the specified value is negative; 0 if the specified value is zero; and 1 if the specified value is positive.)
      Returns:
        the signum function of the specified `long` value.
      Since:
        1.5

    - #### reverseBytes

          public static long reverseBytes(long i)

      Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bytes in the two's complement representation of the specified `long` value.
      Returns:
        the value obtained by reversing the bytes in the specified `long` value.
      Since:
        1.5

    - #### sum

          public static long sum(long a,
                                 long b)

      Adds two `long` values together as per the + operator.
      Parameters:
        `a` - the first operand
        `b` - the second operand
      Returns:
        the sum of `a` and `b`
      Since:
        1.8
      See Also:
        `BinaryOperator`

    - #### max

          public static long max(long a,
                                 long b)

      Returns the greater of two `long` values as if by calling `Math.max`.
      Parameters:
        `a` - the first operand
        `b` - the second operand
      Returns:
        the greater of `a` and `b`
      Since:
        1.8
      See Also:
        `BinaryOperator`

    - #### min

          public static long min(long a,
                                 long b)

      Returns the smaller of two `long` values as if by calling `Math.min`.
      Parameters:
        `a` - the first operand
        `b` - the second operand
      Returns:
        the smaller of `a` and `b`
      Since:
        1.8
      See Also:
        `BinaryOperator`

    - #### compareUnsigned

          public static int compareUnsigned(long x,
                                            long y)

      Compares two `long` values numerically treating the values as unsigned.
      Parameters:
        `x` - the first `long` to compare
        `y` - the second `long` to compare
      Returns:
        the value `0` if `x == y`; a value less than `0` if `x < y` as unsigned values; and a value greater than `0` if `x > y` as unsigned values
      Since:
        1.8

    - #### divideUnsigned

          public static long divideUnsigned(long dividend,
                                            long divisor)

      Returns the unsigned quotient of dividing the first argument by the second where each argument and the result is interpreted as an unsigned value.

      Note that in two's complement arithmetic, the three other basic arithmetic operations of add, subtract, and multiply are bit-wise identical if the two operands are regarded as both being signed or both being unsigned. Therefore separate `addUnsigned`, etc. methods are not provided.

      Parameters:
        `dividend` - the value to be divided
        `divisor` - the value doing the dividing
      Returns:
        the unsigned quotient of the first argument divided by the second argument
      Since:
        1.8
      See Also:
        `remainderUnsigned(long, long)`

    - #### remainderUnsigned

          public static long remainderUnsigned(long dividend,
                                               long divisor)

      Returns the unsigned remainder from dividing the first argument by the second where each argument and the result is interpreted as an unsigned value.
      Parameters:
        `dividend` - the value to be divided
        `divisor` - the value doing the dividing
      Returns:
        the unsigned remainder of the first argument divided by the second argument
      Since:
        1.8
      See Also:
        `divideUnsigned(long, long)`

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